refactor: 重构UI操作调度，引入优先级调度与监控

主要变更：
1. 新增UIActionScheduler实现优先级UI任务调度，支持CRITICAL/HIGH/NORMAL/LOW四级优先级
2. 替换原有SendQueue为UIActionScheduler，统一所有UI操作的调度逻辑
3. 为截图、登录、重启等API添加调度器封装，支持超时、限流与fast-fail机制
4. 新增Prometheus监控指标，统计UI任务执行、等待耗时、超时、限流与快速失败情况
5. 为QrCapture添加命令执行超时保护，避免X11操作卡死
6. 扩展StatusResponse与状态接口，暴露调度器指标
7. 新增完整的单元测试覆盖调度器功能
8. 为看门狗注入调度器，实现kill前队列清空与快速失败窗口

bridge/tests/test_ui_action_scheduler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+"""UIActionScheduler 单元测试。
+
+覆盖：
+- 向后兼容 enqueue
+- 优先级排序（CRITICAL 优先于 NORMAL）
+- drain（空队列 / 有 pending / 超时）
+- 队列满抛 RATE_LIMITED
+- 等待超时抛 TIMEOUT
+- metrics 准确性
+- fast-fail 机制（mark_wechat_dead 后非 CRITICAL 抛 WECHAT_NOT_READY）
+- CRITICAL 任务在 fast-fail 窗口内正常执行
+- CRITICAL 任务自动 delay_ms=0
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
+
+from woc_bridge.messaging.ui_action_scheduler import UIActionScheduler, Priority
+from woc_bridge.models import BridgeError
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+
+
+async def test_backward_compat_enqueue():
+    """向后兼容 enqueue：以 NORMAL 优先级入队并返回结果。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=10, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        result = await scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01, result="ok"))
+        assert result == "ok"
+
+        metrics = scheduler.get_metrics()
+        assert metrics["executed_total"] == 1
+        assert metrics["executed_by_priority"]["NORMAL"] == 1
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_priority_ordering():
+    """CRITICAL 任务应先于后入队的 NORMAL 任务开始执行。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=0, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        start_times: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        async def _track(result: str, delay: float = 0.01) -> str:
+            start_times.append(("start", result))
+            await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+            return result
+
+        # 第一个 NORMAL 立即开始执行
+        normal_task = asyncio.create_task(
+            scheduler.enqueue(lambda: _track("normal", 0.1))
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.02)  # 等第一个开始
+
+        critical_task = asyncio.create_task(
+            scheduler.execute(
+                lambda: _track("critical", 0.01), priority=Priority.CRITICAL
+            )
+        )
+        normal2_task = asyncio.create_task(
+            scheduler.execute(
+                lambda: _track("normal2", 0.01), priority=Priority.NORMAL
+            )
+        )
+
+        critical_result = await critical_task
+        normal2_result = await normal2_task
+        normal_result = await normal_task
+
+        assert critical_result == "critical"
+        assert normal2_result == "normal2"
+        assert normal_result == "normal"
+
+        # CRITICAL 应在 normal2 之前开始
+        critical_idx = next(i for i, (_, r) in enumerate(start_times) if r == "critical")
+        normal2_idx = next(i for i, (_, r) in enumerate(start_times) if r == "normal2")
+        assert critical_idx < normal2_idx, (
+            f"CRITICAL 应在 NORMAL2 之前执行，实际顺序: {start_times}"
+        )
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_drain_empty_queue():
+    """空队列 drain 应立即返回 True。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler()
+    result = await scheduler.drain(timeout=1.0)
+    assert result is True
+
+
+async def test_drain_with_pending():
+    """有 pending 任务的队列 drain 应等待任务完成。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=10)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        await scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.05, result="ok"))
+        result = await scheduler.drain(timeout=2.0)
+        assert result is True
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.01)  # 让 worker 完全进入 idle
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_drain_timeout():
+    """长任务未完成时 drain 应超时返回 False。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=0)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        # 入队长任务但不 await（避免阻塞测试）
+        asyncio.create_task(
+            scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(1.0, result="slow"))
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # 让任务开始执行
+        result = await scheduler.drain(timeout=0.1)
+        assert result is False
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_queue_full_rate_limited():
+    """队列满时入队应抛 RATE_LIMITED。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=1000, max_queue_size=2)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        # 第一个任务开始执行（worker 取走后队列腾出空位）
+        asyncio.create_task(scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.5)))
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # 让 worker 取走第一个任务并开始执行
+
+        # 再入队 2 个排队任务（队列满：2 个 pending）
+        asyncio.create_task(scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01)))
+        asyncio.create_task(scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01)))
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.02)  # 确保两个任务都入队
+
+        # 第 3 个排队任务应被拒绝（队列已满）
+        with pytest.raises(BridgeError) as exc_info:
+            await scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01))
+        assert exc_info.value.code == "RATE_LIMITED"
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_wait_timeout():
+    """等待结果超时应抛 TIMEOUT。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=1000, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        # 第一个任务慢（执行 + 默认延时会让第二个等待很久）
+        asyncio.create_task(scheduler.enqueue(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.5)))
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.02)  # 让第一个开始
+
+        with pytest.raises(BridgeError) as exc_info:
+            await scheduler.enqueue(
+                lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01), wait_timeout_ms=100
+            )
+        assert exc_info.value.code == "TIMEOUT"
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_metrics_accuracy():
+    """metrics 应准确统计各优先级执行次数。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=0, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        async def _ret(v):
+            return v
+
+        await scheduler.execute(lambda: _ret("a"), priority=Priority.CRITICAL)
+        await scheduler.execute(lambda: _ret("b"), priority=Priority.HIGH)
+        await scheduler.execute(lambda: _ret("c"), priority=Priority.NORMAL)
+        await scheduler.execute(lambda: _ret("d"), priority=Priority.LOW)
+
+        metrics = scheduler.get_metrics()
+        assert metrics["executed_total"] == 4
+        assert metrics["executed_by_priority"]["CRITICAL"] == 1
+        assert metrics["executed_by_priority"]["HIGH"] == 1
+        assert metrics["executed_by_priority"]["NORMAL"] == 1
+        assert metrics["executed_by_priority"]["LOW"] == 1
+        assert metrics["pending_count"] == 0
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_fast_fail_wechat_dead():
+    """mark_wechat_dead 后非 CRITICAL 任务应 fast-fail 抛 WECHAT_NOT_READY。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=0, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        scheduler.mark_wechat_dead(2.0)  # 启动 2 秒 fast-fail 窗口
+
+        with pytest.raises(BridgeError) as exc_info:
+            await scheduler.execute(
+                lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01, result="ok"),
+                priority=Priority.NORMAL,
+            )
+        assert exc_info.value.code == "WECHAT_NOT_READY"
+
+        metrics = scheduler.get_metrics()
+        assert metrics["fast_fail_total"] == 1
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_critical_bypasses_fast_fail():
+    """CRITICAL 任务在 fast-fail 窗口内应正常执行。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=0, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        scheduler.mark_wechat_dead(2.0)  # 启动 fast-fail 窗口
+
+        result = await scheduler.execute(
+            lambda: asyncio.sleep(0.01, result="critical_ok"),
+            priority=Priority.CRITICAL,
+        )
+        assert result == "critical_ok"
+
+        metrics = scheduler.get_metrics()
+        assert metrics["executed_total"] == 1
+        assert metrics["executed_by_priority"]["CRITICAL"] == 1
+        assert metrics["fast_fail_total"] == 0
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()
+
+
+async def test_critical_auto_delay_zero():
+    """CRITICAL 任务应自动 delay_ms=0，不受默认 send_delay_ms 影响。"""
+    scheduler = UIActionScheduler(send_delay_ms=5000, max_calls_per_sec=100)
+    await scheduler.start()
+    try:
+        async def _ret(v):
+            return v
+
+        t0 = time.monotonic()
+        await scheduler.execute(lambda: _ret("first"), priority=Priority.CRITICAL)
+        await scheduler.execute(lambda: _ret("second"), priority=Priority.CRITICAL)
+        elapsed = time.monotonic() - t0
+
+        # 若 delay_ms=5000 生效，第二个任务会等 5s。自动 delay=0 后应在 1s 内完成
+        assert elapsed < 1.5, f"CRITICAL 自动 delay=0 失效，耗时 {elapsed:.2f}s"
+    finally:
+        await scheduler.stop()

bridge/woc_bridge/app.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from woc_bridge.models import BridgeError, ErrorResponse
 from woc_bridge.version import BRIDGE_VERSION
 from woc_bridge.db import DbReader
 from woc_bridge.messaging import SendQueue
+from woc_bridge.messaging.ui_action_scheduler import UIActionScheduler
 from woc_bridge.ui import QrCapture, XdotoolDriver
 
 # 路由
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ def _init_state(cfg: BridgeConfig) -> None:
     _state.db_reader = DbReader(db_root=cfg.wechat_db, key_cache=_state.key_cache)
     _state.qr_capture = QrCapture(display=cfg.display)
 
-    _state.send_queue = SendQueue(
+    _state.send_queue = UIActionScheduler(
         send_delay_ms=cfg.send_delay_ms,
         max_calls_per_sec=cfg.max_calls_per_sec,
         max_queue_size=cfg.max_queue_size,
@@ -496,7 +497,11 @@ def _init_state(cfg: BridgeConfig) -> None:
             )
 
             # 构造 HA 模块
-            _state.watchdog = WeChatWatchdog(backend=_state.xdotool_backend, interval=10.0)
+            _state.watchdog = WeChatWatchdog(
+                backend=_state.xdotool_backend,
+                interval=10.0,
+                scheduler=_state.send_queue,
+            )
             _state.resource_reaper = ResourceReaper(
                 debug_screenshot_dir="/tmp/woc_debug",
                 max_age_hours=24,

bridge/woc_bridge/messaging/ui_action_scheduler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+"""UIActionScheduler —— 基于 SendQueue 的优先级调度器。
+
+在父类 SendQueue 串行化队列之上扩展：
+1. 优先级调度（PriorityQueue + IntEnum 优先级），CRITICAL 任务优先出队且不受
+   默认延时约束；
+2. fast-fail 机制：微信进程死亡期间，非 CRITICAL 任务立即失败，避免堆积；
+3. Prometheus metrics 暴露：执行计数 / 等待与执行耗时 / 超时 / 限流 / fast-fail。
+
+元素类型为 5 元组 `(priority_int, seq, coro_factory, future, delay_ms)`，
+其中 seq 为单调递增序列号，保证同优先级 FIFO。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Optional
+
+from woc_bridge.messaging.send_queue import SendQueue, CoroFactory
+from woc_bridge.models import BridgeError
+from woc_bridge.ui.metrics import (
+    ui_action_executed,        # Counter, label=priority
+    ui_action_wait_duration,   # Histogram
+    ui_action_exec_duration,   # Histogram, label=priority
+    ui_action_timeout,         # Counter
+    ui_action_rate_limited,    # Counter
+    ui_action_fast_fail,       # Counter
+)
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("woc-bridge")
+
+
+def _priority_name(priority: int) -> str:
+    """将 priority int 转为名称，非法值返回 "?"。"""
+    try:
+        return Priority(priority).name
+    except ValueError:
+        return "?"
+
+
+class Priority(enum.IntEnum):
+    """UI 操作优先级。
+
+    数值越小优先级越高；CRITICAL 不受 fast-fail 与默认延时影响。
+    """
+
+    CRITICAL = 0  # wechat_restart / diagnostic_autofix
+    HIGH = 1      # logout / friend_accept / login_qr_capture
+    NORMAL = 2    # send_text / send_file / set_remark / add_friend
+    LOW = 3       # screenshot / moments_like / moments_comment
+
+
+class UIActionScheduler(SendQueue):
+    """优先级 UI 调度器。
+
+    覆盖父类的 ``_queue`` 为 :class:`asyncio.PriorityQueue`，元素为 5 元组
+    ``(priority, seq, coro_factory, future, delay_ms)``。提供 :meth:`execute`
+    入口携带优先级与 trace_id，并暴露 metrics / drain 等运维接口。
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        send_delay_ms: int = 3000,
+        max_calls_per_sec: int = 10,
+        max_queue_size: int = 100,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            send_delay_ms=send_delay_ms,
+            max_calls_per_sec=max_calls_per_sec,
+            max_queue_size=max_queue_size,
+        )
+        # 覆盖父类的 Queue 为 PriorityQueue；元素 5 元组
+        self._queue: asyncio.PriorityQueue[
+            tuple[int, int, CoroFactory, asyncio.Future, Optional[int]]
+        ] = asyncio.PriorityQueue(maxsize=max_queue_size)
+        # 单调递增序列号，保证同优先级 FIFO
+        self._seq: int = 0
+        # fast-fail 截止时间戳（monotonic）；>0 表示微信死亡期间
+        self._wechat_dead_until: float = 0.0
+        # metrics 计数器
+        self._metrics: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "executed_total": 0,
+            "executed_by_priority": {p.name: 0 for p in Priority},
+            "wait_duration_ms_sum": 0.0,
+            "exec_duration_ms_sum": 0.0,
+            "timeout_total": 0,
+            "rate_limited_total": 0,
+            "fast_fail_total": 0,
+        }
+
+    def mark_wechat_dead(self, duration_sec: float = 10.0) -> None:
+        """标记微信进程死亡，期间非 CRITICAL 任务 fast-fail。
+
+        Args:
+            duration_sec: 死亡窗口秒数，期间入队/出队的非 CRITICAL 任务
+                          会被立即以 WECHAT_NOT_READY 失败
+        """
+        self._wechat_dead_until = time.monotonic() + duration_sec
+        logger.warning(
+            "[scheduler] mark_wechat_dead %.1fs, %d pending tasks will fast-fail",
+            duration_sec, self._queue.qsize(),
+        )
+
+    async def execute(
+        self,
+        action: CoroFactory,
+        priority: Priority = Priority.NORMAL,
+        delay_ms: Optional[int] = None,
+        wait_timeout_ms: Optional[int] = None,
+        trace_id: str = "",
+    ) -> Any:
+        """按优先级入队并等待执行结果。
+
+        CRITICAL 任务若未指定 delay_ms，自动设为 0（立即执行）。
+
+        Args:
+            action: 返回 coroutine 的工厂函数
+            priority: 优先级，默认 NORMAL
+            delay_ms: 自定义执行后延时毫秒，None 用默认 send_delay_ms
+            wait_timeout_ms: 等待结果超时毫秒，None 表示无限等待
+            trace_id: 追踪 ID，用于日志关联
+
+        Returns:
+            coroutine 的执行结果
+
+        Raises:
+            BridgeError: 队列满 / 等待超时 / 任务执行异常透传
+        """
+        if priority == Priority.CRITICAL and delay_ms is None:
+            delay_ms = 0
+        return await self._enqueue_with_priority(
+            action, priority, delay_ms, wait_timeout_ms, trace_id,
+        )
+
+    async def _enqueue_with_priority(
+        self,
+        coro_factory: CoroFactory,
+        priority: Priority,
+        delay_ms: Optional[int],
+        wait_timeout_ms: Optional[int],
+        trace_id: str,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """实际入队逻辑：构造 5 元组入 PriorityQueue，等待 future 结果。"""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        future: asyncio.Future = loop.create_future()
+        self._seq += 1
+        item = (int(priority), self._seq, coro_factory, future, delay_ms)
+        try:
+            self._queue.put_nowait(item)
+        except asyncio.QueueFull:
+            self._metrics["rate_limited_total"] += 1
+            ui_action_rate_limited.inc()
+            logger.warning(
+                "[scheduler] 队列已满，拒绝入队 (maxsize=%d, priority=%s, trace_id=%s)",
+                self._queue.maxsize, priority.name, trace_id,
+            )
+            raise BridgeError(
+                code="RATE_LIMITED",
+                message=f"UI 调度器队列已满（{self._queue.maxsize}），请稍后重试",
+                details={"retry_after": 3},
+            )
+        pending = self._queue.qsize()
+        logger.info(
+            "[scheduler] 入队 priority=%s pending=%d trace_id=%s",
+            priority.name, pending, trace_id,
+        )
+        wait_start = time.monotonic()
+        if wait_timeout_ms is not None and wait_timeout_ms > 0:
+            try:
+                result = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    future, timeout=wait_timeout_ms / 1000.0,
+                )
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                # 竞争窗口：worker 可能刚好在此时完成并 set_result。
+                if future.done() and not future.cancelled():
+                    logger.info(
+                        "[scheduler] 等待超时但任务刚好完成，取结果 (pending=%d)",
+                        pending,
+                    )
+                    return future.result()
+                # 取消 future，worker 出队时发现 cancelled 会跳过执行
+                future.cancel()
+                wait_sec = wait_timeout_ms / 1000.0
+                self._metrics["timeout_total"] += 1
+                ui_action_timeout.inc()
+                logger.warning(
+                    "[scheduler] 等待超时 (pending=%d, wait_timeout=%.1fs, trace_id=%s)",
+                    pending, wait_sec, trace_id,
+                )
+                raise BridgeError(
+                    code="TIMEOUT",
+                    message=f"UI 调度器等待超时（{pending} 个待处理，已等 {wait_sec:.1f}s）",
+                    details={"retry_after": max(1, int(self.send_delay_ms / 1000))},
+                )
+        else:
+            result = await future
+        wait_ms = (time.monotonic() - wait_start) * 1000
+        self._metrics["wait_duration_ms_sum"] += wait_ms
+        ui_action_wait_duration.observe(wait_ms / 1000.0)
+        return result
+
+    async def enqueue(
+        self,
+        coro_factory: CoroFactory,
+        delay_ms: Optional[int] = None,
+        wait_timeout_ms: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """向后兼容包装：以 NORMAL 优先级入队。"""
+        return await self._enqueue_with_priority(
+            coro_factory, Priority.NORMAL, delay_ms, wait_timeout_ms, "",
+        )
+
+    async def _run(self) -> None:
+        """worker 主循环（覆盖父类）。
+
+        解包 5 元组 ``(priority, seq, coro_factory, future, delay_ms)``，
+        按优先级出队执行；含 fast-fail 与 metrics 埋点。
+        """
+        while True:
+            try:
+                priority, seq, coro_factory, future, custom_delay_ms = await self._queue.get()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                raise
+
+            # 调用方已超时取消：跳过执行与延时
+            if future.cancelled():
+                self._queue.task_done()
+                logger.info(
+                    "[scheduler] 出队任务已取消，跳过 (pending=%d, priority=%s)",
+                    self._queue.qsize(),
+                    _priority_name(priority),
+                )
+                continue
+
+            # fast-fail 检查：微信已死期间，非 CRITICAL 任务直接失败
+            if (self._wechat_dead_until > time.monotonic()
+                    and priority > Priority.CRITICAL):  # CRITICAL (=0) 不受影响
+                logger.info(
+                    "[scheduler] fast-fail (wechat dead, %.1fs remaining, priority=%s)",
+                    self._wechat_dead_until - time.monotonic(),
+                    _priority_name(priority),
+                )
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_exception(BridgeError(
+                        code="WECHAT_NOT_READY",
+                        message="微信进程未就绪（重启中），请稍后重试",
+                        details={"retry_after": 5},
+                    ))
+                self._metrics["fast_fail_total"] += 1
+                ui_action_fast_fail.inc()  # Prometheus
+                self._queue.task_done()
+                continue  # 不延时，立即处理下一个
+
+            logger.info(
+                "[scheduler] 出队，开始处理 (pending=%d, priority=%s)",
+                self._queue.qsize(),
+                _priority_name(priority),
+            )
+            executed = False
+            t_exec = time.perf_counter()
+            try:
+                self._check_rate_limit()  # 继承父类
+                self._recent_call_times.append(time.monotonic())
+                executed = True
+                pname = _priority_name(priority)
+                logger.info("[scheduler] 开始执行任务 (priority=%s)", pname)
+                result = await coro_factory()
+                exec_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t_exec) * 1000
+                logger.info(
+                    "[scheduler] 任务执行完成 (%.0fms, priority=%s)",
+                    exec_ms, pname,
+                )
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(result)
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.cancel()
+                raise
+            except Exception as e:
+                exec_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t_exec) * 1000
+                logger.warning(
+                    "[scheduler] 任务执行抛异常 %s: %s (%.0fms, priority=%s)",
+                    type(e).__name__, e, exec_ms, _priority_name(priority),
+                )
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_exception(e)
+            finally:
+                self._queue.task_done()
+                if executed:
+                    exec_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t_exec) * 1000
+                    self._metrics["executed_total"] += 1
+                    self._metrics["exec_duration_ms_sum"] += exec_ms
+                    try:
+                        p = Priority(priority)
+                        self._metrics["executed_by_priority"][p.name] += 1
+                        ui_action_executed.labels(priority=p.name).inc()  # Prometheus
+                        ui_action_exec_duration.labels(priority=p.name).observe(exec_ms / 1000.0)  # Prometheus
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+
+                    delay = custom_delay_ms if custom_delay_ms is not None else self.send_delay_ms
+                    logger.info(
+                        "[scheduler] 延时 %dms 后处理下一个 (priority=%s)",
+                        delay, _priority_name(priority),
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(delay / 1000.0)
+
+    def get_metrics(self) -> dict:
+        """返回调度器 metrics 快照（含 pending_count）。"""
+        return {**self._metrics, "pending_count": self._queue.qsize()}
+
+    async def drain(self, timeout: float = 5.0) -> bool:
+        """等待队列排空。
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: 最长等待秒数
+
+        Returns:
+            True 表示队列已排空；False 表示超时仍有任务待处理
+        """
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(self._queue.join(), timeout=timeout)
+            return True
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            logger.warning(
+                "[scheduler] drain timeout %.1fs, %d tasks pending",
+                timeout, self._queue.qsize(),
+            )
+            return False

bridge/woc_bridge/models/base.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ ERROR_CODES: dict[str, int] = {
     "DB_VERIFY_FAILED": 500,
     "AMBIGUOUS_CONTACT": 400,
     "BRIDGE_CIRCUITED": 503,
+    "WECHAT_NOT_READY": 503,
 }
 
 

bridge/woc_bridge/models/status.py

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ class StatusResponse(BaseModel):
     - media_supported：图片/文件发送是否已实现真实传输（与 BRIDGE_CAPABILITIES
       中 image_send/file_send 同步）
     - bridge_capabilities：当前 bridge 支持的能力集合，客户端据此协商
+    - ui_scheduler：UI 调度器指标（仅 UIActionScheduler 实例才有，含
+      executed_total/executed_by_priority/pending_count 等）
     """
 
     bridge_version: str = Field(description="bridge 版本号")
@@ -48,3 +50,7 @@ class StatusResponse(BaseModel):
         default_factory=list,
         description="bridge 支持的能力集合，如 ['text_send','image_send','long_poll']",
     )
+    ui_scheduler: Optional[dict] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="UI 调度器指标（仅 UIActionScheduler 实例才有，含 executed_total/executed_by_priority/pending_count 等）",
+    )

bridge/woc_bridge/routes/diagnostic.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from woc_bridge.config import (
     _DIAGNOSTIC_ITEM_BY_ID,
     _require_db_reader,
     _require_xdotool,
+    _require_send_queue,
     _state,
 )
 from woc_bridge.db.coordinator import (
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ from woc_bridge.db.coordinator import (
     _resolve_db_state,
     with_db_retry,
 )
+from woc_bridge.messaging.ui_action_scheduler import Priority
 from woc_bridge.models import (
     BridgeError,
     ConnectivityResponse,
@@ -226,7 +228,17 @@ async def diagnostic_autofix(check_id: str) -> DiagnosticRunResult:
 
     if check_id == "wechat_running":
         xdotool = _require_xdotool()
+        scheduler = _require_send_queue()
 
+        # 启动 fast-fail 窗口：覆盖 autostart 拉起新进程的 ~5-10s 期间，
+        # 避免队列内积压任务对新窗口执行 xdotool 失败形成风暴
+        if hasattr(scheduler, "mark_wechat_dead"):
+            try:
+                scheduler.mark_wechat_dead(15.0)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning("diagnostic/autofix: mark_wechat_dead failed: %s", exc)
+
+        async def _autofix_flow():
             # 1. pkill 旧进程（不强制 SIGKILL，给微信优雅退出机会）
             try:
                 proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
@@ -248,6 +260,29 @@ async def diagnostic_autofix(check_id: str) -> DiagnosticRunResult:
             if new_pid is None:
                 new_pid = await xdotool.start_wechat(timeout_sec=10)
 
+            return new_pid
+
+        try:
+            if hasattr(scheduler, "execute"):
+                new_pid = await scheduler.execute(
+                    _autofix_flow,
+                    priority=Priority.CRITICAL,
+                    wait_timeout_ms=30000,
+                    trace_id="autofix_wechat_running",
+                )
+            else:
+                new_pid = await _autofix_flow()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning("diagnostic/autofix: wechat_running autofix failed: %s", exc)
+            return DiagnosticRunResult(
+                check_id=check_id,
+                passed=False,
+                severity=item["severity"],
+                message=f"autofix 执行失败: {exc}",
+                auto_repairable=True,
+                repair_plan="检查 X 会话是否正常（Xvnc/openbox），或通过 VNC 桌面手动启动微信",
+            )
+
         # 5. 返回结果
         if new_pid is not None:
             return DiagnosticRunResult(

bridge/woc_bridge/routes/login.py

@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ from woc_bridge.config import (
     _require_xdotool,
     _require_qr_capture,
     _require_db_reader,
+    _require_send_queue,
 )
 from woc_bridge.db.coordinator import with_db_retry
+from woc_bridge.messaging.ui_action_scheduler import Priority
 from woc_bridge.models import (
     QrLoginStartResult,
     QrLoginWaitResult,
@@ -50,11 +52,26 @@ async def login_qr_start() -> QrLoginStartResult:
     logger.info("login/qr/start: 收到请求")
     xdotool = _require_xdotool()
     qr_capture = _require_qr_capture()
+    scheduler = _require_send_queue()
 
     # 激活微信窗口（非阻塞，避免 VNC 无人操作时 --sync 死等）
     t0 = time.perf_counter()
     logger.info("login/qr/start: 激活窗口 + 截图开始")
+
+    async def _qr_capture_flow():
+        await xdotool._activate_window_fast()
+        return await qr_capture.capture_qr_code()
+
     try:
+        if hasattr(scheduler, "execute"):
+            qr_data_url = await scheduler.execute(
+                _qr_capture_flow,
+                priority=Priority.HIGH,
+                wait_timeout_ms=15000,
+                trace_id="qr_start",
+            )
+        else:
+            # legacy 回退：直接调用
             await xdotool._activate_window_fast()
             qr_data_url = await qr_capture.capture_qr_code()
     except BridgeError as e:
@@ -197,7 +214,16 @@ async def login_logout() -> LogoutResponse:
     if state_before == LoginState.LOGGED_IN.value:
         t1 = time.perf_counter()
         logger.info("login/logout: logout 调用开始")
+        scheduler = _require_send_queue()
         try:
+            if hasattr(scheduler, "execute"):
+                await scheduler.execute(
+                    lambda: xdotool.logout(),
+                    priority=Priority.HIGH,
+                    wait_timeout_ms=30000,
+                    trace_id="logout",
+                )
+            else:
                 await xdotool.logout()
         except BridgeError as e:
             logger.warning(
@@ -277,7 +303,25 @@ async def wechat_restart() -> RestartResponse:
 
     t1 = time.perf_counter()
     logger.info("wechat/restart: restart 调用开始")
+    scheduler = _require_send_queue()
+
+    # 启动 fast-fail 窗口：覆盖新进程启动期（~5-10s），避免 restart 期间
+    # 队列内积压的 NORMAL 任务对新窗口执行 xdotool 失败形成风暴
+    if hasattr(scheduler, "mark_wechat_dead"):
         try:
+            scheduler.mark_wechat_dead(8.0)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning("wechat/restart: mark_wechat_dead failed: %s", exc)
+
+    try:
+        if hasattr(scheduler, "execute"):
+            new_pid = await scheduler.execute(
+                lambda: xdotool.restart_wechat(timeout_sec=timeout_sec),
+                priority=Priority.CRITICAL,
+                wait_timeout_ms=60000,
+                trace_id="wechat_restart",
+            )
+        else:
             new_pid = await xdotool.restart_wechat(timeout_sec=timeout_sec)
     except BridgeError as e:
         logger.warning(

bridge/woc_bridge/routes/screenshot.py

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import logging
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from fastapi.responses import Response
 
-from woc_bridge.config import _require_qr_capture
+from woc_bridge.config import _require_qr_capture, _require_send_queue
+from woc_bridge.messaging.ui_action_scheduler import Priority
 from woc_bridge.models import BridgeError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("woc-bridge")
@@ -37,8 +38,17 @@ async def screenshot() -> Response:
     """
     logger.info("screenshot: 收到请求")
     qr_capture = _require_qr_capture()
+    scheduler = _require_send_queue()
 
     try:
+        if hasattr(scheduler, "execute"):
+            png_bytes = await scheduler.execute(
+                lambda: qr_capture.capture_full_screenshot(),
+                priority=Priority.LOW,
+                wait_timeout_ms=10000,
+                trace_id="screenshot",
+            )
+        else:
             png_bytes = await qr_capture.capture_full_screenshot()
     except BridgeError as e:
         logger.warning("screenshot: 失败 %s: %s", e.code, e.message)

bridge/woc_bridge/routes/status.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter
 from woc_bridge.config import _state, _require_xdotool, _require_db_reader
 from woc_bridge.db.coordinator import with_db_retry, _resolve_db_state
 from woc_bridge.models import StatusResponse
+from woc_bridge.ui.metrics import send_queue_pending as send_queue_pending_gauge
 from woc_bridge.version import BRIDGE_VERSION, BRIDGE_CAPABILITIES, MEDIA_SUPPORTED
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("woc-bridge")
@@ -77,6 +78,21 @@ async def get_status() -> StatusResponse:
 
     uptime_seconds = time.monotonic() - _state.start_time
 
+    send_queue = _state.send_queue
+    send_queue_pending = send_queue.pending_count() if send_queue else 0
+    ui_scheduler_metrics = None
+    if send_queue is not None and hasattr(send_queue, "get_metrics"):
+        try:
+            ui_scheduler_metrics = send_queue.get_metrics()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning("[status] get_metrics failed: %s", exc)
+
+    # 修复既有 Prometheus Gauge bug：每次 status 请求时 set 当前 pending 数
+    try:
+        send_queue_pending_gauge.set(send_queue_pending)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.debug("[status] send_queue_pending_gauge.set failed: %s", exc)
+
     return StatusResponse(
         bridge_version=BRIDGE_VERSION,
         wechat_running=wechat_running,
@@ -93,7 +109,8 @@ async def get_status() -> StatusResponse:
         display=_state.config.display,
         max_batch_size=_state.config.max_batch_size,
         poll_interval_ms=_state.config.poll_interval_ms,
-        send_queue_pending=_state.send_queue.pending_count() if _state.send_queue else 0,
+        send_queue_pending=send_queue_pending,
         media_supported=MEDIA_SUPPORTED,
         bridge_capabilities=list(BRIDGE_CAPABILITIES),
+        ui_scheduler=ui_scheduler_metrics,
     )

bridge/woc_bridge/ui/flow.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import Optional
 
 from woc_bridge.ui.backends.base import WindowGeometry
-from woc_bridge.ui.errors import FlowError
+from woc_bridge.ui.errors import FlowError, PermanentError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("woc-bridge")
 
@@ -227,6 +227,29 @@ class Flow:
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # 子类实现
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def _ensure_valid_geometry(self, geom: WindowGeometry) -> WindowGeometry:
+        """校验窗口几何有效（尺寸 >= 200x200），无效则抛 PermanentError。
+
+        微信启动过程中可能出现隐藏/加载小窗（如 1x1），虽然 backend 的
+        _find_main_window_id 已做 min_area 过滤，这里再做一次防御性校验，
+        避免后续 click_element 用错误几何计算坐标导致点到窗口外。
+
+        Args:
+            geom: 待校验的窗口几何
+
+        Returns:
+            原始 geom（校验通过）
+
+        Raises:
+            PermanentError: geom 无效（width/height < 200）
+        """
+        if geom.width < 200 or geom.height < 200:
+            raise PermanentError(
+                code="WINDOW_NOT_FOUND",
+                message=f"窗口几何无效: {geom.width}x{geom.height}（需 >=200x200）",
+            )
+        return geom
+
     async def run(self, ctx: FlowContext) -> FlowResult:
         """子类实现：编排各 transition，返回 FlowResult。"""
         raise NotImplementedError("subclass must implement run()")

bridge/woc_bridge/ui/metrics.py

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 """Prometheus 指标定义：发送计数/耗时/失败/图像匹配/DB校验/队列/运行态/熔断/缓存/自适应等待。
 
 所有指标用 prometheus_client 定义，通过 /metrics 端点暴露（app.py 挂载）。
+
+prometheus_client 为可选依赖：缺失时本模块降级为 NoOp 桩件，所有指标调用
+（.labels()/.inc()/.set()/.observe() 等）变为 no-op，bridge 核心业务不受影响。
+app.py 的 /metrics 端点会同步降级（make_asgi_app 仍 ImportError → 禁用并 warning）。
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -8,14 +12,58 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 import time
 
+logger = logging.getLogger("woc-bridge")
+
+
+class _NoOpMetric:
+    """prometheus_client 缺失时的 NoOp 桩件。
+
+    覆盖上层所有调用模式：实例化（接收任意参数）+
+    .labels(*args, **kwargs) → 返回 self，支持链式 .inc()/.dec()/.set()/.observe()。
+    所有操作 no-op，不持有任何状态。
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def labels(self, *args, **kwargs) -> "_NoOpMetric":
+        return self
+
+    def inc(self, amount: float = 1.0) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def dec(self, amount: float = 1.0) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def set(self, value: float) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def observe(self, amount: float) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def info(self, val) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+try:
     from prometheus_client import (
         Counter,
         Gauge,
         Histogram,
         Info,
     )
-
+    _PROMETHEUS_AVAILABLE = True
-logger = logging.getLogger("woc-bridge")
+except ImportError:
+    logger.warning(
+        "[metrics] prometheus_client 不可用，指标降级为 NoOp；"
+        "/metrics 端点将自动禁用，核心业务不受影响"
+    )
+    _PROMETHEUS_AVAILABLE = False
+    # 类型忽略：故意将多个指标类名重绑定为同一个 NoOp 类，
+    # 使所有 Counter/Gauge/Histogram/Info(...) 实例化返回 _NoOpMetric 实例
+    Counter = Gauge = Histogram = Info = _NoOpMetric  # type: ignore[assignment,misc]
 
 # 发送总数（按 flow_name / result 标签）
 send_total = Counter(
@@ -102,6 +150,42 @@ send_duration_cached = Histogram(
 )
 
 
+# UIActionScheduler 调度器指标
+ui_action_executed = Counter(
+    "woc_ui_action_executed_total",
+    "UI actions executed total",
+    ["priority"],  # CRITICAL / HIGH / NORMAL / LOW
+)
+
+ui_action_wait_duration = Histogram(
+    "woc_ui_action_wait_duration_seconds",
+    "UI action wait duration (queue wait time)",
+    buckets=(0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 30.0),
+)
+
+ui_action_exec_duration = Histogram(
+    "woc_ui_action_exec_duration_seconds",
+    "UI action execution duration",
+    ["priority"],
+    buckets=(0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 30.0, 60.0),
+)
+
+ui_action_timeout = Counter(
+    "woc_ui_action_timeout_total",
+    "UI action wait timeout count",
+)
+
+ui_action_rate_limited = Counter(
+    "woc_ui_action_rate_limited_total",
+    "UI action rate limited (queue full) count",
+)
+
+ui_action_fast_fail = Counter(
+    "woc_ui_action_fast_fail_total",
+    "UI action fast-fail count (wechat dead window)",
+)
+
+
 def set_circuit_state(name: str, state_int: int) -> None:
     """更新熔断器状态指标。
 

bridge/woc_bridge/ui/qr_capture.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import tempfile
 
 from woc_bridge.models import BridgeError
 
+_CMD_TIMEOUT_SEC = 5.0
+
 
 class QrCapture:
     """屏幕截图与二维码裁剪器。
@@ -46,15 +48,26 @@ class QrCapture:
         return env
 
     async def _run(self, args: list[str]) -> tuple[int, bytes, bytes]:
-        """执行一条命令并返回 (returncode, stdout, stderr)。"""
+        """执行一条命令并返回 (returncode, stdout, stderr)。
+
+        所有子进程执行均受 _CMD_TIMEOUT_SEC 超时保护，避免 scrot 等命令卡死
+        导致无限阻塞（与并发 UI 操作竞争 X11 时可能发生）。
+        """
         proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
             *args,
             stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
             env=self._env(),
         )
-        stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
+        try:
+            stdout, stderr = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                proc.communicate(), timeout=_CMD_TIMEOUT_SEC
+            )
             return proc.returncode, stdout, stderr
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            proc.kill()
+            await proc.wait()
+            raise
 
     async def _capture_full_png(self, dest_path: str) -> None:
         """用 `scrot <dest>` 截取整个屏幕到 PNG 文件。

bridge/woc_bridge/ui/watchdog.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import time
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from woc_bridge.ui.backends.base import BackendProtocol
 
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ class WeChatWatchdog:
         backend: BackendProtocol,
         interval: float = 10.0,
         fail_threshold: int = 2,
+        scheduler: Optional[Any] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.backend = backend
         self.interval = interval
         self.fail_threshold = fail_threshold
+        self._scheduler = scheduler  # UIActionScheduler 实例（用于 kill 前 drain + mark_wechat_dead）
         self._fail_count = 0
         self._task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
         self._stopped = False
@@ -139,8 +141,30 @@ class WeChatWatchdog:
 
         不直接启动 WeChat（避免与 autostart 竞态），仅 kill 旧进程。
         所有子进程超时均执行 proc.kill() 收尸，避免僵尸进程泄漏。
+
+        kill 前若注入了 scheduler，先 drain 等待队列清空，再 mark_wechat_dead
+        启动 fast-fail 窗口，避免 kill 后队列内任务形成失败风暴。
         """
         logger.warning("[watchdog] autofix: killing wechat for restart")
+
+        # kill 前等待 UI 操作队列清空（避免 kill 正在执行的 UI 操作）
+        # 并启动 fast-fail 窗口拦截 kill 后新入队的非 CRITICAL 任务
+        if self._scheduler is not None:
+            drained = await self._scheduler.drain(timeout=5.0)
+            if not drained:
+                try:
+                    pending = self._scheduler.pending_count()
+                except Exception:
+                    pending = -1
+                logger.warning(
+                    "[watchdog] drain timeout, force kill with %d UI ops pending",
+                    pending,
+                )
+            try:
+                self._scheduler.mark_wechat_dead(15.0)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning("[watchdog] mark_wechat_dead failed: %s", exc)
+
         try:
             # 获取所有 wechat PID
             proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(