-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- SUBQUERY PATTERNS (Semi-Join & Anti-Join)
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
--
-- Subqueries filter the outer query based on related records.
-- Two main patterns: Semi-Join (IN) and Anti-Join (NOT IN).
--
-- SEMI-JOIN (IN):
-- • Returns records that HAVE matching related records
-- • "Give me Accounts that have Opportunities"
--
-- ANTI-JOIN (NOT IN):
-- • Returns records that DO NOT have matching related records
-- • "Give me Accounts without any Contacts"
--
-- LIMITS:
-- • Maximum 2 levels of semi-join nesting
-- • Inner query can only return Id field
-- • Inner query limited to 50,000 records
--
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- SEMI-JOIN PATTERNS (Records WITH related records)
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- BASIC SEMI-JOIN: Accounts with Opportunities
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Industry, Type
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
)

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- FILTERED SEMI-JOIN: Accounts with OPEN Opportunities
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Industry, AnnualRevenue
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
    WHERE IsClosed = false
    AND Amount > 50000
)
AND Industry = 'Technology'

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- SEMI-JOIN: Accounts with Won Opportunities this year
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Type, Owner.Name
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
    WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won'
    AND CloseDate = THIS_YEAR
)
ORDER BY Name

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- SEMI-JOIN: Contacts at Accounts with Cases
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, Email, Account.Name
FROM Contact
WHERE AccountId IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Case
    WHERE Status != 'Closed'
)
AND Email != null

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- SEMI-JOIN: Products used in Opportunities
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, ProductCode, Family
FROM Product2
WHERE Id IN (
    SELECT Product2Id
    FROM OpportunityLineItem
    WHERE Opportunity.StageName = 'Closed Won'
)
AND IsActive = true

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- ANTI-JOIN PATTERNS (Records WITHOUT related records)
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- BASIC ANTI-JOIN: Accounts without Contacts
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Industry, Type
FROM Account
WHERE Id NOT IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Contact
)

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- ANTI-JOIN: Accounts without Opportunities
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Industry, Type, CreatedDate
FROM Account
WHERE Id NOT IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
)
AND Type = 'Prospect'
AND CreatedDate < LAST_90_DAYS

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- ANTI-JOIN: Contacts without Activities (no Tasks)
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, Email, Account.Name
FROM Contact
WHERE Id NOT IN (
    SELECT WhoId
    FROM Task
    WHERE WhoId != null
)
AND Email != null

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- ANTI-JOIN: Leads not converted
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, Company, Status
FROM Lead
WHERE IsConverted = false
AND Id NOT IN (
    SELECT WhoId
    FROM Task
    WHERE CreatedDate = LAST_30_DAYS
)
AND Status = 'Open - Not Contacted'

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- ANTI-JOIN: Products not sold
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, ProductCode, Family
FROM Product2
WHERE Id NOT IN (
    SELECT Product2Id
    FROM OpportunityLineItem
)
AND IsActive = true

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- COMBINED PATTERNS
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- BOTH: Accounts with Contacts but no Opportunities
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Industry
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Contact
)
AND Id NOT IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
)

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- COMPLEX: Accounts with Open Cases but no recent Activity
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Type, Owner.Name
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Case
    WHERE Status != 'Closed'
    AND Priority = 'High'
)
AND Id NOT IN (
    SELECT WhatId
    FROM Task
    WHERE ActivityDate >= LAST_7_DAYS
    AND WhatId != null
)

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- MULTI-CONDITION: Active customers needing attention
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, Name, Industry, LastActivityDate
FROM Account
WHERE Type = 'Customer'
AND Id IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
    WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won'
    AND CloseDate >= LAST_YEAR
)
AND Id NOT IN (
    SELECT WhatId
    FROM Task
    WHERE CreatedDate >= LAST_30_DAYS
    AND WhatId != null
)
ORDER BY LastActivityDate ASC NULLS FIRST
LIMIT 50

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- NESTED SUBQUERIES (Maximum 2 levels)
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- NESTED: Contacts at Accounts with Won Enterprise Opportunities
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, Email
FROM Contact
WHERE AccountId IN (
    SELECT AccountId
    FROM Opportunity
    WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won'
    AND Amount >= 100000
)

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- ALTERNATIVE: EXISTS-style pattern using relationship
-- When you need to check existence with complex conditions
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

-- Instead of subquery, sometimes a relationship query is clearer:
-- "Accounts that have at least one high-value Opportunity"

-- Using parent-to-child to verify related records exist:
SELECT Id, Name,
    (SELECT Id FROM Opportunities WHERE Amount > 100000 LIMIT 1)
FROM Account
WHERE Industry = 'Technology'

-- Then filter in Apex for accounts that have the nested result

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- APEX PROCESSING PATTERN
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
/*
// Semi-join: Accounts with open high-value opportunities
List<Account> accountsWithOpps = [
    SELECT Id, Name, Industry
    FROM Account
    WHERE Id IN (
        SELECT AccountId
        FROM Opportunity
        WHERE IsClosed = false
        AND Amount > 100000
    )
];

System.debug('Accounts with high-value pipeline: ' + accountsWithOpps.size());

// Anti-join: Accounts needing outreach
List<Account> neglectedAccounts = [
    SELECT Id, Name, Type, LastActivityDate
    FROM Account
    WHERE Type = 'Customer'
    AND Id NOT IN (
        SELECT WhatId
        FROM Task
        WHERE CreatedDate >= LAST_30_DAYS
        AND WhatId != null
    )
    ORDER BY LastActivityDate ASC NULLS FIRST
    LIMIT 100
];

System.debug('Accounts needing outreach: ' + neglectedAccounts.size());
*/

-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- SF CLI USAGE
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- Semi-join:
-- sf data query \
--   --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Id IN (SELECT AccountId FROM Opportunity WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won') LIMIT 20" \
--   --target-org myorg \
--   --json
--
-- Anti-join:
-- sf data query \
--   --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Id NOT IN (SELECT AccountId FROM Contact) LIMIT 20" \
--   --target-org myorg \
--   --json