afv-library/skills/handling-sf-data/references/bulk-testing-example.md

Bulk Testing Example

Testing Apex triggers and flows with bulk data operations.

Scenario

Test an Account trigger that:

• Fires on insert with 200+ records
• Updates a custom field based on Industry
• Creates a related Task for high-value accounts

Why 201 Records?

Salesforce processes triggers in batches of 200. Testing with 201+ records ensures:

• Trigger handles batch boundaries
• No governor limit violations in loops
• SOQL/DML operations are bulkified

Method 1: Anonymous Apex Factory

Create Test Data

// Create 251 Accounts to test trigger bulkification
List<Account> accounts = new List<Account>();

List<String> industries = new List<String>{
    'Technology', 'Healthcare', 'Finance', 'Manufacturing', 'Retail'
};

for (Integer i = 0; i < 251; i++) {
    accounts.add(new Account(
        Name = 'BulkTest Account ' + i,
        Industry = industries[Math.mod(i, industries.size())],
        AnnualRevenue = Math.round(Math.random() * 10000000)
    ));
}

// Single DML - triggers fire in batches of 200
insert accounts;

System.debug('Created ' + accounts.size() + ' accounts');
System.debug('SOQL Queries Used: ' + Limits.getQueries() + '/' + Limits.getLimitQueries());
System.debug('DML Statements: ' + Limits.getDmlStatements() + '/' + Limits.getLimitDmlStatements());

Save as bulk-test-accounts.apex and run:

sf apex run --file bulk-test-accounts.apex --target-org dev

Method 2: CSV Bulk Import

Create CSV File

Name,Industry,AnnualRevenue
BulkTest Account 1,Technology,1000000
BulkTest Account 2,Healthcare,2000000
BulkTest Account 3,Finance,5000000
... (251 rows)

Import via sf CLI

sf data import bulk \
  --file accounts-bulk.csv \
  --sobject Account \
  --target-org dev \
  --wait 30

Method 3: JSON Tree Import

For hierarchical test data with relationships:

{
  "records": [
    {
      "attributes": {"type": "Account", "referenceId": "AccountRef1"},
      "Name": "BulkTest Parent 1",
      "Industry": "Technology",
      "Contacts": {
        "records": [
          {
            "attributes": {"type": "Contact"},
            "FirstName": "Test",
            "LastName": "Contact 1"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

sf data import tree \
  --files bulk-hierarchy.json \
  --target-org dev

Verify Trigger Executed Correctly

Check Trigger Results

sf data query \
  --query "SELECT Id, Name, Industry, Custom_Field__c FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE 'BulkTest%' LIMIT 10" \
  --target-org dev \
  --json

Check Related Tasks Created

sf data query \
  --query "SELECT Id, Subject, WhatId, What.Name FROM Task WHERE What.Name LIKE 'BulkTest%'" \
  --target-org dev

Count Records

sf data query \
  --query "SELECT COUNT(Id) total FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE 'BulkTest%'" \
  --target-org dev

Test Bulk Update

// Update all test records - triggers fire again
List<Account> accounts = [
    SELECT Id, Name, Industry
    FROM Account
    WHERE Name LIKE 'BulkTest%'
];

for (Account acc : accounts) {
    acc.Description = 'Bulk updated on ' + DateTime.now();
}

update accounts;

System.debug('Updated ' + accounts.size() + ' accounts');

Test Bulk Delete

// Delete in reverse order (children first)
List<Task> tasks = [SELECT Id FROM Task WHERE What.Name LIKE 'BulkTest%'];
delete tasks;

List<Contact> contacts = [SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE Account.Name LIKE 'BulkTest%'];
delete contacts;

List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE 'BulkTest%'];
delete accounts;

System.debug('Cleanup complete');

Governor Limits Monitoring

// Add to your test script to monitor limits
System.debug('=== GOVERNOR LIMITS ===');
System.debug('SOQL: ' + Limits.getQueries() + '/' + Limits.getLimitQueries());
System.debug('DML Statements: ' + Limits.getDmlStatements() + '/' + Limits.getLimitDmlStatements());
System.debug('DML Rows: ' + Limits.getDmlRows() + '/' + Limits.getLimitDmlRows());
System.debug('CPU Time: ' + Limits.getCpuTime() + 'ms/' + Limits.getLimitCpuTime() + 'ms');
System.debug('Heap: ' + Limits.getHeapSize() + '/' + Limits.getLimitHeapSize());

Validation Score

Score: 128/130 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Excellent
├─ Query Efficiency: 25/25 (bulk queries)
├─ Bulk Safety: 25/25 (251 records, limits monitored)
├─ Data Integrity: 20/20 (valid field values)
├─ Security & FLS: 20/20 (no sensitive data)
├─ Test Patterns: 15/15 (201+ records, variations)
├─ Cleanup & Isolation: 13/15 (cleanup script provided)
└─ Documentation: 10/10 (fully documented)

Common Issues

Issue	Cause	Solution
SOQL 101	Query in loop	Use Map or Set for bulk queries
DML 151	DML in loop	Collect records, single DML
CPU timeout	Complex logic	Optimize loops, async processing
Too many records	>10,000 DML rows	Use Bulk API or Batch Apex