SOQL Quick Reference
Query Structure
SELECT fields
FROM object
[WHERE conditions]
[WITH filter]
[GROUP BY fields]
[HAVING conditions]
[ORDER BY fields [ASC|DESC] [NULLS FIRST|LAST]]
[LIMIT number]
[OFFSET number]
[FOR UPDATE]
Operators
Comparison Operators
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
= |
Equal |
Name = 'Acme' |
!= |
Not equal |
Status != 'Closed' |
< |
Less than |
Amount < 1000 |
<= |
Less than or equal |
Amount <= 1000 |
> |
Greater than |
Amount > 1000 |
>= |
Greater than or equal |
Amount >= 1000 |
LIKE |
Pattern match |
Name LIKE 'Acme%' |
IN |
In list |
Status IN ('New', 'Open') |
NOT IN |
Not in list |
Type NOT IN ('Other') |
INCLUDES |
Multi-select contains |
Skills__c INCLUDES ('Java') |
EXCLUDES |
Multi-select excludes |
Skills__c EXCLUDES ('Java') |
Logical Operators
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
AND |
Both conditions |
A = 1 AND B = 2 |
OR |
Either condition |
A = 1 OR B = 2 |
NOT |
Negate condition |
NOT (A = 1) |
LIKE Patterns
| Pattern |
Matches |
'Acme%' |
Starts with "Acme" |
'%Corp' |
Ends with "Corp" |
'%test%' |
Contains "test" |
'A_me' |
"A" + any char + "me" |
Date Literals
Relative Dates
| Literal |
Description |
TODAY |
Current day |
YESTERDAY |
Previous day |
TOMORROW |
Next day |
THIS_WEEK |
Current week (Sun-Sat) |
LAST_WEEK |
Previous week |
NEXT_WEEK |
Next week |
THIS_MONTH |
Current month |
LAST_MONTH |
Previous month |
NEXT_MONTH |
Next month |
THIS_QUARTER |
Current quarter |
LAST_QUARTER |
Previous quarter |
NEXT_QUARTER |
Next quarter |
THIS_YEAR |
Current year |
LAST_YEAR |
Previous year |
NEXT_YEAR |
Next year |
THIS_FISCAL_QUARTER |
Current fiscal quarter |
THIS_FISCAL_YEAR |
Current fiscal year |
N Days/Weeks/Months/Years
| Literal |
Description |
LAST_N_DAYS:n |
Last n days |
NEXT_N_DAYS:n |
Next n days |
LAST_N_WEEKS:n |
Last n weeks |
NEXT_N_WEEKS:n |
Next n weeks |
LAST_N_MONTHS:n |
Last n months |
NEXT_N_MONTHS:n |
Next n months |
LAST_N_QUARTERS:n |
Last n quarters |
NEXT_N_QUARTERS:n |
Next n quarters |
LAST_N_YEARS:n |
Last n years |
NEXT_N_YEARS:n |
Next n years |
Specific Dates
-- Date only
WHERE CloseDate = 2024-12-31
-- DateTime
WHERE CreatedDate >= 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Aggregate Functions
| Function |
Description |
Example |
COUNT() |
Count all rows |
SELECT COUNT() FROM Account |
COUNT(field) |
Count non-null values |
SELECT COUNT(Email) FROM Contact |
COUNT_DISTINCT(field) |
Count unique values |
SELECT COUNT_DISTINCT(Industry) FROM Account |
SUM(field) |
Sum of values |
SELECT SUM(Amount) FROM Opportunity |
AVG(field) |
Average of values |
SELECT AVG(Amount) FROM Opportunity |
MIN(field) |
Minimum value |
SELECT MIN(Amount) FROM Opportunity |
MAX(field) |
Maximum value |
SELECT MAX(Amount) FROM Opportunity |
Date Functions
| Function |
Returns |
Example |
CALENDAR_YEAR(date) |
Year (e.g., 2024) |
SELECT CALENDAR_YEAR(CloseDate) FROM Opportunity |
CALENDAR_QUARTER(date) |
Quarter (1-4) |
SELECT CALENDAR_QUARTER(CloseDate) FROM Opportunity |
CALENDAR_MONTH(date) |
Month (1-12) |
SELECT CALENDAR_MONTH(CloseDate) FROM Opportunity |
DAY_IN_MONTH(date) |
Day (1-31) |
SELECT DAY_IN_MONTH(CreatedDate) FROM Account |
DAY_IN_WEEK(date) |
Day (1=Sun, 7=Sat) |
SELECT DAY_IN_WEEK(CreatedDate) FROM Account |
DAY_IN_YEAR(date) |
Day (1-366) |
SELECT DAY_IN_YEAR(CreatedDate) FROM Account |
WEEK_IN_MONTH(date) |
Week (1-5) |
SELECT WEEK_IN_MONTH(CreatedDate) FROM Account |
WEEK_IN_YEAR(date) |
Week (1-53) |
SELECT WEEK_IN_YEAR(CreatedDate) FROM Account |
HOUR_IN_DAY(date) |
Hour (0-23) |
SELECT HOUR_IN_DAY(CreatedDate) FROM Account |
FISCAL_YEAR(date) |
Fiscal year |
SELECT FISCAL_YEAR(CloseDate) FROM Opportunity |
FISCAL_QUARTER(date) |
Fiscal quarter |
SELECT FISCAL_QUARTER(CloseDate) FROM Opportunity |
FISCAL_MONTH(date) |
Fiscal month |
SELECT FISCAL_MONTH(CloseDate) FROM Opportunity |
Relationship Queries
Child-to-Parent (Dot Notation)
-- Standard objects
SELECT Contact.Name, Contact.Account.Name FROM Contact
-- Custom objects (use __r)
SELECT Child__c.Name, Child__c.Parent__r.Name FROM Child__c
Parent-to-Child (Subquery)
-- Standard objects
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Contacts) FROM Account
-- Custom objects (use __r)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Children__r) FROM Parent__c
WITH Clauses
| Clause |
Description |
WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED |
Enforce FLS (throws exception if no access) |
WITH USER_MODE |
Respect sharing and FLS |
WITH SYSTEM_MODE |
Bypass sharing rules |
Governor Limits
| Limit |
Synchronous |
Asynchronous |
| Total SOQL Queries |
100 |
200 |
| Records Retrieved |
50,000 |
50,000 |
| QueryLocator Rows |
10,000,000 |
10,000,000 |
| OFFSET Maximum |
2,000 |
2,000 |
| Subqueries |
20 |
20 |
| Relationship Depth |
5 levels |
5 levels |
Index Usage
Always Indexed
IdNameOwnerIdCreatedDateLastModifiedDateRecordTypeId- External ID fields
- Master-Detail fields
Selective Query Rules
- Query is selective if WHERE returns < 10% of first 1M records
- Or uses an indexed field with < 1M matching records
- Non-selective queries on large tables fail
CLI Commands
# Basic query
sf data query --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 10" --target-org my-org
# JSON output
sf data query --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account" --target-org my-org --json
# CSV output
sf data query --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account" --result-format csv --target-org my-org
# Bulk export (for large results, > 2,000 records)
sf data export bulk --query "SELECT Id, Name FROM Account" --target-org my-org --output-file accounts.csv
# Query plan (uses REST API explain endpoint)
sf api request rest "/query/?explain=SELECT+Id+FROM+Account+WHERE+Name='Test'" --target-org my-org --json
